| A tag which in addition to the chip and antenna has internal power supply. It allows greater read distance (compared to the passive tags) and integration in a microprocessor and performance of additional functions (following temperature, assigned parameters, etc.) |
| A component of the RFID system which allows communication between the tag and the reader. The geometry, positioning and size of the antenna is instrumental for the read distance and the information read reliability. |
| A major characteristic of the RFID systems showing their capacity to handle information from several tags positioned in the range of one reader. |
| A widely used method of automatic identification in which text information is presented as a sequence of light and dark lines. |
| A device for reading barcodes using a light beam. The barcode readers can be connected to a computer or operate as independent terminals. |
- Contactless card – RFID cards
| A card with a chip and antenna which can communicate without physical contact. Used for identification, e-payment and other applications. |
| It is a component of the RFID system which enables communication with, and control of, the reader from a computer. The controller passes on the instructions to the tag in the event of storing and changing data. |
| A NGO working for introduction of global standards for the format of an electronic product code to replace the barcode.A non-government organization
introducing the standard on the format of an electronic product code. It is run by EAN and Uniform Code Coucil – the leading organizations in the area of barcodes. Members are many retail chains, producers and governments. |
- Electronic Article Surveillance - EAS
| One of the most widely used RFID technologies, used extensively in retail facilities for prevention of thefts. It is based on simple tags which contain no unique information and have only two states: active and deactivated. Passing by an antenna with an active tag triggers a sound and light alarm that warns of potential theft. |
- Electronic Product Code – EPC
| A unique code of products introduced by EPCGlobal for identification of each individual product. The code is embedded in a RFID tag and the information about the product cn be found on the Internet. The most likely replacement of the barcode. |
| Frequencies in the 3-30 Mhz range. The standard HF RFID system uses 13.56 MHz. Such systems are very popular and their characteristics are regulated by the international standards ISO 15693 and ISO 14443. |
| Обикновено LF RFID системите функционират на 125 kHz, по-рядко – на 134 kHz. |
| Frequency of over 1 GHz. A standard frequency for such systems would be 2.45 or 5.8 GHz. |
| Near Field Communication |
| A tag with a chip and antenna but without internal power supply (battery). Their simple structure makes then very durable (with service life of some 10 years), stable
in hostile environment, and easy to use. Their price is lower compared to that of other tags but they require closer read distance. |
- RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
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| Have a factory-set unique number which is tamper-proof. They have a variety of applications because they are cheap and easy-to-use. In communication with the reader, the RO tags send their number and the carrier is authenticated. |
| Data can be stored and changed many times (10 – 100 000 or even more). Suitable for various applications but their use is limited by a price that is still high. |
| A method of identifying passive tags in a UHF system. The reader sends a signal and gets a :response” from all tags within its range. This protocol is suitable for stock-taking. |
| A device which communicated with the tag and performs reads and write functions (for RW tags). The reader is a key component of the RFID systems. Depending on the application, it contains an antenna, controller and memory. |
- Semi-passive tag, battery-assisted tag
| They have internal power supply like the active tags. Read distance performance is improved thanks to a battery. Some versions wait for a signal from the reader thus saving battery life. |
| A label suitable for printing of barcodes and other information, with an embedded RFID tag. |
| A method of identifying passive tags in a UHF system, as a tag comes within the read range
of the reader. This protocol is suitable when every passage through a door, a conveyor belt or another, needs to be registered. |
| A major component of the RFID systems. It contains a chip, an antenna and sometimes a battery. The chip has information which is needed for the identification of the object which carries the tag. The tag shape varies: a card, a sticker, a keyring, an implant and others. |
- Ultra High Frequency, UHF
| Frequencies from 300 MHz to 1 GHz. The typical frequency for passive UHF systems in Europe is 868 MHz and in the United States 915 MHz. Active UHF systems use 315 or 433 MHz. The parameters are regulated by ISO 18000-6B, EPC Class 1. |
- Write Once Read Many (WORM) Tags
| The data is stored in the first use of the tag. They have a good cost/efficiency ratio and therefore have wide business applications. |
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